From hesitant handshakes to dynamic duo: The emerging tale of India-US relations
The Economic Times, September 05, 2024


By Pradeep S Mehta and Purushendra Singh

Synopsis

The relationship between India and the United States has evolved into a robust partnership, focusing on defence, space exploration, and maritime security. Key elements include trust, effective structures, and strategic frameworks. Recent agreements aim to enhance cooperation in technology transfer and joint development, highlighting the importance of continuous dialogue and private-public partnerships.

The relationship between India and the United States has evolved significantly over the past few decades, transitioning from a cautious partnership to a robust and dynamic friendship. This transformation has been driven by strategic interests, common goals, bi-partisan support and shared vision for global stability. Witnessing the recent diplomatic gestures, the two countries look to deepen their cooperation in several critical areas offering opportunities for advancement, particularly in defence, space exploration, and maritime security.

At the core of the Indo-US partnership are three essential elements: Trust, Structures, and Frameworks. These components form the bedrock of a relationship that has become increasingly pivotal in addressing global and regional challenges. Trust is the foundation upon which all successful collaborations are built. It requires transparency, reliability, and a commitment to shared objectives. For the Indo-US partnership, this means fostering an environment where both can rely on each other to navigate complex global issues.

Towards this end, we at CUTS International recently concluded a multi-year project supported by the US Department of State with the prime objective of building capacity of media professionals for a better understanding of the US-India defence and security partnership.

Structures refer to the formal and informal mechanisms through which cooperation is managed and executed. In the context of Indo-US relations, this includes bilateral agreements, joint military exercises, and collaborative initiatives in various sectors. Effective structures ensure that both countries can work together seamlessly, leveraging their respective strengths to achieve common goals.

Stationing of military officers in each other’s armed and strategic forces, increasing co-development through initiatives such as the upcoming 3rd Indus-X summit on September 9-10th, and jointly strengthening institutions such as G20 and Quad showcase the pragmatism and willingness. As the geopolitical landscape evolves, it is crucial to continually reassess and adapt these structures to meet new challenges and opportunities.

Frameworks encompass the broader strategic and policy-oriented guidelines that shape this partnership. These include diplomatic strategies, economic policies, and defence arrangements. For the Indo-US partnership, frameworks such as the QUAD (Quadrilateral Security Dialogue), the foundational agreements and various defence pacts including the recently signed Security of Supply Arrangement (SOSA) play a crucial role in defining the direction and scope of this cooperation. As both countries seek to address emerging global threats and challenges, it is essential to maintain a flexible and forward-looking approach to these frameworks.

The Security of Supply Arrangement and the Reciprocal Defence Procurement Arrangement are now being discussed as part of the larger U.S.-India defence industry cooperation. These agreements involve storing products in Indian facilities, as well as broadening the base of defence producers and suppliers to include Indian businesses. Their goal is to assure the supply of defence materials.

Reiterating that one of the most significant areas of collaboration between India and the US is defence. The strategic partnership in this domain has seen considerable growth, with both countries engaging in bilateral and multilateral joint military exercises and developing advanced defence technologies together. This collaboration is not only about enhancing military capabilities but also about fostering a deeper strategic understanding. As global power dynamics shift, particularly with the rise of China, the need for a strong and resilient defence alliance becomes even more critical.

In recent years, there has been a notable emphasis on co-development and co-production of defence technologies. This shift from mere buyer-seller relationship to collaborative production reflects a broader trend towards more integrated and innovative approaches.

By working together on defence projects, India and the US can leverage their respective technological expertise, skilled work force and resources, creating more advanced and effective solutions. This approach not only strengthens their military capabilities but also contributes to the broader goal of global stability and industrial collaboration.

Another key area of focus is space exploration. India after becoming a member of the Artemis accord and entry of private players into the space domain has transformed the landscape, offering new opportunities for collaboration. Both countries have significant capabilities in space technology, and their partnership in this field holds promise for groundbreaking advancements.

The emphasis on private-public partnerships in space exploration aligns with the broader trend of commercialisation and privatisation in this sector. By harnessing the resources of private companies, both countries can accelerate their progress and achieve new milestones in space exploration.

Maritime security is another crucial aspect of the Indo-US partnership. The Indo-Pacific region, with its strategic importance and complex maritime challenges, requires a coordinated approach to ensure freedom of navigation and regional stability. The partnership between India and the US in this domain is instrumental in promoting a "free, open, prosperous and inclusive Indo-Pacific." By working together on maritime security initiatives, along with other friendly countries, both can address emerging threats and strengthen their presence in this vital region, and going forward also in the Indian Ocean region.

As the Indo-US relationship continues to evolve, it is important to address several key areas to enhance cooperation further. Firstly, there is a need for continuous dialogue and engagement at all levels to ensure that both countries remain aligned in their strategic objectives. Regular consultations and high-level meetings can help address any potential misunderstandings and ensure that both countries are on the same page.

Secondly, both countries should focus on building a more robust framework for technology transfer, joint development and faster delivery of orders. The trust factor in technology sharing is crucial for the success of collaborative projects. By establishing clear guidelines and protocols for technology transfer, India and the US can ensure that their joint efforts are both effective and secure.

Thirdly, it is essential to leverage India's geographical advantages and strategic position to address regional and global challenges. By strengthening their cooperation in the Indian Ocean region and beyond, India and the US can play a greater role in shaping global security dynamics.

Lastly, fostering private-public partnerships and encouraging innovation and fostering startups are critical for the continued success of the Indo-US partnership. Both should support and invest in emerging technologies and industries in partnership with the private sector, ensuring that their collaboration remains at the forefront of global advancements.

In conclusion, the Indo-US partnership is a cornerstone of global stability and security. By focusing on trust, effective structures, and strategic frameworks, both can deepen their collaboration and address emerging challenges. The emphasis on defence, space exploration, and maritime security highlights the breadth and depth of their cooperation.

As India and the US continue to navigate a complex and dynamic global landscape with few socio-political hiccups such as the Gurpatwant Singh Pannu and Khalistan issues, their partnership remains a vital force for positive change and progress. Through sustained engagement and innovation, the Indo-US alliance can continue to thrive and contribute to a more stable and prosperous world.

The authors work for CUTS International, a 40-year old global public policy research and advocacy group with centres inter alia in New Delhi and Washington DC.

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